Exopterygota: Dermaptera - Homoptera
Order DERMAPTERA
Earwigs
Derma – Skin
Ptera – wing
• Long filiform antennae
• Winged or wingless
• Forewings - short, leathery, tegmina type
• Hind wings – semi-circular, membranous, folded fan like beneath fore wings
• Cerci – forceps like, well developed
Order
ISOPTERA
Termites or White ants
Iso – Equal
Ptera - wings
• Social insects
• Wings absent in many forms
• If present, equal in size and shape,
shed off easily by break at basal suture
Subterranean termites construct termitarium
while wood living termites form galleries.
Polymorphism
1.
Reproductives
Primary King
Queen
Secondary
Male
Female
2. Non – Reproductives
Workers
Soldiers
Nasute
Mandibulate
Order
BLATTODEA (Blattaria)
Cockroach
Blatta – an insect that
shuns light
• Tegmina fore wings
• Cursorial legs
• Ootheca or egg purse.
Order
MANTODEA
Preying mantids
Mantid – a prophet
Predatory
Head – mobile, attached to slender neck
Tegmina fore wings
Raptorial fore legs
Eggs – Ootheca (egg case)
Resemble leaf insects or mimic flowers
Nymphs - cannibalistic
Order
PSOCOPTERA
Booklice,
barklice
Psoco – rub, small; ptera – wings
• Long, filiform antenna
• Chewing mouth parts
• Wings – absent, if present – hind wings
smaller, forewings with stigma
Order
MALLOPHAGA
Biting
lice, bird lice
Mallo – wool, phaga – to eat
• Small, flat ectoparasites on birds
• Biting mouth parts
• Triangular head, broader than thorax
• Wingless
• Legs – Scansorial (clinging)
Order
ANOPLURA (Siphunculata)
Head lice, Body lice, Pubic lice
Anopl – unarmed, ura –
tail
Siphun – sucking tube
·
Small, flat ectoparasites on mammals including man
·
Wingless
·
Head –
narrower than thorax
·
Piercing & sucking mouth parts
·
Scansorial (clinging) legs
Order THYSANOPTERA
Thrips
Thysano – fringed
Ptera – wings
Minute, slender, soft bodied
Rasping & Sucking (Asymmetrical) mouth
parts
Long, narrow wings fringed with long hairs
Abdomen – tubular, elongate
Sub-order Terebrantia (Sharp
ovipositor)
Sub-order Tubulifera (Ovipositor absent)
Order HEMIPTERA
Plant
bugs or true bugs
Hemi – half
Ptera – wings
Most economically important order
Diverse & largest of Exopterygota
Fifth largest order under Class Insecta
Mostly phytophagous, few predatory or parasitic
•
Piercing & Sucking mouth parts
•
Antenna – 4 - 5 segmented, filiform
•
Forewings - Hemelytra
•
Mesothorax with triangular area called scutellum
between the bases of the forewings
•
Incomplete metamorphosis
Divisions
1.
Geocorisae
(Terrestrial bugs)
2.
Amphibicorisae
(Sub-aquatic bugs)
3.
Hydrocorisae
(Aquatic bugs)
(or)
1.
Gymnocerata (Long, free antennae)
2.
Cryptocerata (Concealed antennae)
Division Geocorisae
1. Family: Tingidae
Lace
wing bugs, lace bugs, tingids
• Prothorax has lateral expansions,
• Forewings with lace like markings
• Nymphs spiny
2. Family: Reduviidae
Assassin
bugs, cone nose bugs, kissing bugs
•
Narrow
elongate head with slender neck
•
Three
segmented proboscis
•
Abdomen
widened in the middle, exposing the margins of the segments beyond the wings
•
Many
predatory, while few on parasitic on mammals including man
•
Vector of
Chagas Disease
3. Family: Cimicidae
Bed
bugs
• Oval, flat, blood sucking ecto-parasites on birds
& mammals
• Thorax deeply notched
• Short hemelytra forewings and completely atrophied
hind wings
4.
Family: Miridae
Leaf
bugs or plant bugs
• Elongate, long legged
• Four segmented antennae & proboscis
• Phytotoxic saliva – phytotoxemia
• Few predaceous
5.
Family: Lygaeidae
Chinch
bug / seed bugs
• Small, dark or brightly coloured
• Toothed swollen forelegs
• Some mimic ants
6.
Family: Coreidae
Squash
bugs/ leaf footed bugs
• Mostly brownish
• Expanded, leaf like hind tibia and tarsi
7. Family: Pyrrhocoridae
Red
bugs or fire bugs or cotton stainers
• Medium sized,
• Brightly coloured with red and black
8.
Family: Pentatomidae
Stink bugs / shield bugs
• Bad smell or stinky odour
• Scutellum prominent
• Shield like body
• Five segmented antenna
Division Amphicorisae
9.
Family: Gerridae
Water
striders / pond skaters
• Slender, elongate, long legged
• Forelegs, short, raptorial type
Division Hydrocorisae
11.
Family: Nepidae
Water
scorpions
• Predaceous, aquatic
• Raptorial fore legs
• Long caudal breathing tube
13. Family: Belostomatidae
Giant
Water bugs
• Large sized
• Bead like eyes
• 4 –segmented antenna
• Hind legs – natatorial
• Short breathing tube
Order HOMOPTERA
Cicadas,
Aphids, Leafhoppers, Scales
Homo – Uniform
Ptera - Wings
•
Soft, minute or small, often as groups or colonies
•
Many secrete
wax or honey dew
•
Piercing and
sucking mouth parts
•
Labial sheath
arise from posterior part of head
•
Winged or
wingless, if winged, membranous, uniform, folded roof like
1.
Family: Cicadidae
Cicada
• Arboreal, gregarious, medium sized with transparent
wings
• Nymphs with enlarged fore femora
• Sound production by males.
2.
Family: Membracidae
Treehoppers
or Cow bugs
• Enlarged pronotum, bears spine or horn like
processes
3.
Family: Cercopidae
Froghoppers or Spittle bugs or
Cuckoo-spit insects
• Adults resemble frog
• Nymphs inside frothy mass (spittle)
4. Family: Cicadellidae
Leafhoppers,
Jassids, Sharpshooters
• Slender, wedge shaped body
• Diagonal movement and jumping
• Hind tibia with two rows of spines
• Toxic saliva – Hopper burn.
5.
Family: Delphacidae
Planthoppers
• Resemble leafhoppers
• Hind tibia with large spur
• Well developed ovipositor
• Viral disease vectors
6. Family: Lophophidae
Pyrilla
• Snout like, projected head
• Fast jumping & flying
• Nymphs with waxy filaments at the tip of the
abdomen.
7. Family: Aphididae
Aphids,
Plant lice
• Small, soft bodied, pear shaped
• Winged and wingless forms
• Honey dew secretion by cornicles
8. Family: Psyllidae
Jumping
plant lice
• Resemble aphids;
•Long antenna & jumping legs
9.
Family: Aleyrodidae
Whiteflies
• Tiny, moth like, body covered with white powder
• Nymphs – rounded, flat, scale like
10.
Family: Coccidae
Scale
or Soft scales
• Sexually dimorphic
• Female – wingless, legless, larviform; Male - winged
11.
Family: Diaspididae
Armoured
or Hard Scales
• Minute, covered by hard, waxy, shell like substance
12. Family: Pseudococcidae
Mealy
bugs
•Body covered by cottony wax secretions
13.
Family: Lacciferidae
Lac
insects
• Body covered by hard secretions, thus productive
insects yielding lac
• Female –
globular, without antennae, legs, eyes and wings.
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