PRINCIPLES OF INSECT TAXONOMY




PRINCIPLES OF INSECT TAXONOMY

            Grouping all living things into series of sets and subsets based on similarities and naming them is called taxonomy. It is essential to correctly identify an organism.

Systematics
            It is defined as study of diversity of organisms and their inter-relationship. It includes description of new species, identification of previously known species and their evolutionary relationship

Taxonomy
            The practice of identifying, describing and naming organisms based on the rules of Zoological Nomenclature and assigning them into particular groups is called taxonomy. 

Classification
            It is the arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups.

Nomenclature
            It involves naming of organisms, the rules and procedures to be adapted in such naming. The current rules are in the latest edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)

Hierarchy
            It is the systematic framework for zoological classification with a sequence of classes or sets at different levels of taxonomic groups (taxon)

Hierarchy or Levels or taxa or strata
The various levels of generally accepted taxonomic characters are as follows:

Kingdom









Phylum









Sub-Phylum









Class









Order









Sub-Order









Family









Genus









Species
           
Species
            It is the basic unit of taxonomic classification referring to the population of organisms that possess well defined and constant characters of form and structure and which interbreed.
                                               
Genus
            A genus is a closely related group of species
Family
            A family is an assembly of associated genera
Order
            An order is a set of similar families
                                                           
                                                                       
KINDS OF NOMENCLATURE
Uninomial Nomenclature
In this naming method, the designation of a taxon by a scientific name consisting of single word is followed. It is required for taxa above species rank.
Binomial Nomenclature
This system of nomenclature is used by the International Congress of Zoology by which the scientific name of an animal is designated by two words namely Genus and Species names. Eg. Musca domestica
Trinomial Nomenclature
It is the extension of binomial system to permit the designation of subspecies by a three word name which includes Genus, Species and Sub-species names. Eg. Pediculus humanus capitis 

Rules of binomial nomenclature
• Genus & Species name in italics or underlined
• Genus name first with initial capital letter, species name second with small letters
• Common suffix for various levels of groups
•“oidea” for superfamilies; “idae” for families ;
•“inae” for subfamilies; “ini” for tribes

                                                Class Insecta
 

Sub – Class Apterygota                           Sub – Class Pterygota

Primarily wingless                           Secondary wingless
No metamorphosis                          Incomplete / complete metamorphosis
 


                                    Exopterygota                                              Endopterygota

                        Incomplete metamorphosis            Complete metamorphosis
                        No pupal stage                                 Pupal stage present
                        Wings develop externally               Wings develop internally
                      Immatures resemble adults              Immatures differ from adults

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Collection and preservation of insects

Image
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc-TvXmKQJ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4k7I4cdKnMI COLLECTION,KILLING AND PRESERVATION OF INSECTS The five steps in the collection, Killing and preservation of insects are 1.        Collection 2.       Killing 3.       Preservation 4.       Storage and 5.       Display I.   Collection Why? To study about the insect. When? Early morning and late evening. Where? ü   In the air ü   In fresh or brackish water ü   On the foliage or stems of trees and Shrubs ü   On the ground or near the roots of plants ü   Internally in plants, plant products, seeds, and fruit ü     among debris ü   In the nests or habitations of animals and man ü   In the soil ü     On or in other insects or animals How?   Various methods and equipments have been used to colle
Read more

Insect wing, Modifications and Copulation

Image
INSECT WING, ITS REGIONS, VENATION AND MODIFICATIONS v   Insects have a pair of wings in thorax. v   Wings are located dorso-laterally between the nota and pleura of the meso- and meta-thoracic segments. v   The wing bearing segments (meso- & metathorax) are called pterothorax. Wing venation             The arrangement of veins in the insect wing is called wing venation . Each wing consists of a thin membrane supported by a system of thickened tubular veins. The membranous area between the veins is called cell . The veins strengthen the wings and give rigidity besides aiding blood circulation. Insect wing consists of longitudinal (principal) veins , which runs along the length, and cross veins , which connects the longitudinal veins. A hypothetical wing will have the veins as follows: Longitudinal veins/ principal veins Cross veins Costa (C) Sub-cost
Read more

Endopterygota: Coleoptera & Neuroptera

Image
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28YOYPK4qqE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zECnVZyYDI&t=48s Endopterygota (Holometabola) Order COLEOPTERA Beetles             Coleo – Stony             Ptera – Wings •         Largest order in animal kingdom comprising 25% of all animal species •         40% of known insects are beetles •         Predatory, phytophagous, saprophagous 1. Chewing mouth parts, well developed mandibles 2. Fore wings – elytra, not used in for flying, hind wings-membranous, folded beneath elytra 3. Larval stages called as grubs 4. In most species, abdominal tip not covered by elytra and is called pygidium Sub-order: Adephaga 1. Family: Carabidae             Ground beetles •         Shiny, flat, black beetles with slender, long legs •         Antennae arise laterally on the sides
Read more