4. Antenna and its modifications



















Insect antenna: A pair of segmented appendage articulating with the head in front of or between the compound eyes. An antenna is divided into three parts, namely the basal scape, the median pedicel where lies the sensory organ called Johnston’s organ, and the flagellum, composed of segments called flagellomeres.

The size and form of antenna vary greatly and the following are the main modifications of insect antenna.

Sl.No.
Modifications
Description
Example
1.
Setaceous
Whip like, segments gradually taper towards tip
Cockroach, Grass hopper.
2.
Moniliform
Bead like, segments rounded, equal in size
Termites, Brown lace wings.
3.
Filiform
Thread like, segments uniform, elongate.
Plant bugs, Short horned grass hopper.
4.
Clavate
Club like, segments taper towards base
Skipper , Coccinellid beetles
5.
Capitate
Head like, the terminal segments rather suddenly enlarge.
Chalcidids, Owlflies.
6.
Lamellate
Leaf like, distal segments enlarge on one side.
Dung rollers, Rhinoceros beetle
7.
Stylate
Finger like, last segment, long finger like, style.
Robber flies
8.
Aristate
Bristle like, last segment enlarged with a bristle, arista
House fly, Tachnid flies.
9.
Geniculate
Elbow like, basal segments in right angle with flagellum
Honey bees, Ants, Stag beetles.
10.
Serrate
Saw tooth like, segments with sharp margin towards one side
Click beetles

11.
Pectinate
Comb like, segments with one side projections.
Tussock moth
12.
Bipectinate
Double comb like, segments with projections on both sides
Moon moth
13.
Plumose
Feathery, whorls of long hairs at flagellar joints
Male mosquito
14.
Pilose
Feathery, whorls of short hairs at flagellar joints
Female mosquito
15.
Flabellate
Folded fan like, distal segments packed together
Cedar beetle, Stylopids.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Collection and preservation of insects

Image
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc-TvXmKQJ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4k7I4cdKnMI COLLECTION,KILLING AND PRESERVATION OF INSECTS The five steps in the collection, Killing and preservation of insects are 1.        Collection 2.       Killing 3.       Preservation 4.       Storage and 5.       Display I.   Collection Why? To study about the insect. When? Early morning and late evening. Where? ü   In the air ü   In fresh or brackish water ü   On the foliage or stems of trees and Shrubs ü   On the ground or near the roots of plants ü   Internally in plants, plant products, seeds, and fruit ü     among debris ü   In the nests or habitations of animals and man ü   In the soil ü     On or in other insects or animals How?   Various methods and equipments have been used to colle
Read more

Insect wing, Modifications and Copulation

Image
INSECT WING, ITS REGIONS, VENATION AND MODIFICATIONS v   Insects have a pair of wings in thorax. v   Wings are located dorso-laterally between the nota and pleura of the meso- and meta-thoracic segments. v   The wing bearing segments (meso- & metathorax) are called pterothorax. Wing venation             The arrangement of veins in the insect wing is called wing venation . Each wing consists of a thin membrane supported by a system of thickened tubular veins. The membranous area between the veins is called cell . The veins strengthen the wings and give rigidity besides aiding blood circulation. Insect wing consists of longitudinal (principal) veins , which runs along the length, and cross veins , which connects the longitudinal veins. A hypothetical wing will have the veins as follows: Longitudinal veins/ principal veins Cross veins Costa (C) Sub-cost
Read more

Endopterygota: Coleoptera & Neuroptera

Image
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28YOYPK4qqE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zECnVZyYDI&t=48s Endopterygota (Holometabola) Order COLEOPTERA Beetles             Coleo – Stony             Ptera – Wings •         Largest order in animal kingdom comprising 25% of all animal species •         40% of known insects are beetles •         Predatory, phytophagous, saprophagous 1. Chewing mouth parts, well developed mandibles 2. Fore wings – elytra, not used in for flying, hind wings-membranous, folded beneath elytra 3. Larval stages called as grubs 4. In most species, abdominal tip not covered by elytra and is called pygidium Sub-order: Adephaga 1. Family: Carabidae             Ground beetles •         Shiny, flat, black beetles with slender, long legs •         Antennae arise laterally on the sides
Read more